State and local governments share responsibility and interest in food and housing services to increase public health and safety. These investments can occur through the state budget (i.e., appropriations) the government’s direct procurement of services (i.e., contracts). Public agencies are able to spend on recurring expenses associated with food and housing systems that can be included in annual budgets, as opposed to upfront, one-time investments. Government can also provide important subsidies to encourage other stakeholders’ investments in the form of tax credits (e.g., the low-income housing tax credit).